The electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes are shown here to be extremely sensitive to the chemical environment. The influence of bare and solvated cations imbedded inside singlewalled carbon nanotubes swcnts on the swcnt electronic properties is studied by ab initio electronic structure calculations. Watson research center yorktown heights, ny 10598, usa. Pdf electronic properties of carbon nanotubes using density. Swnts are analogously bound in a bundle by the vdw force. Electronic structure the electronic band structure of a nanotube can be described by considering the bonding of the carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
Electronic transport properties of conducting polymers and. In this article, a list of properties and applications of carbon nanotubes has been presented. Following the early work of endo, on multiwalled carbon structures, iijima was first to image and clearly elucidate the structure of carbon nanotubes. Thermal conversion of electronic and electrical properties. Pdf electronic properties of fecl3adsorbed singlewall. Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes intercalated. Almost immediately, theoretical models started appearing which predicted unusual electronic properties for this novel class of material. Electronic properties of fecl3adsorbed singlewall carbon nanotubes.
Carbon nanotubes cnts are tubes made of carbon with diameters typically measured in nanometers. Zettl the electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes are shown here to be extremely sensitive to the chemical environment. In the case of swnt, covalent functionalization will break some cc double bonds, leaving holes in the structure on the. The electronic properties of graphene, graphite and carbon nanotubes are determined by the bonding. Types, methods of preparation and applications parijat pandey, mandeep dahiya department of pharmaceutical sciences, maharshi dayanan d university, rohtak, har yana, india. Carbon nanotubes electronic properties physics, iisc. Imagine a single walled cnt to be a very long cylinder of radius r, electron density energy states decide by two quantum number k and n. Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes sciencedirect. Pdf atomic structure and electronic properties of single. Pdf electronic properties of strained carbon nanotubes. Electronic transport properties of conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes a b kaiser school of chemical and physical sciences, victoria university of wellington, po box 600, wellington, new zealand received 29 february 2000, in. Nitrogen doping in carbon nanostructures has attracted interest for more than a decade, and recent implementation of such structures in energy conversion systems has boosted the interest even more. Despite numerous studies, the structural conformation and stability of nitrogen functionalities in small diameter singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts, and the impact of these functionalities on.
Curvature effects nanotube bundles summary electronic properties of carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes wiley online library. Odom et alsinglewalled carbon nanotubes 205 dices determine whether a swnt will be a metal or a semiconductor. Electronic properties and applications of singlewalled carbon nanotubes abstract. Carbon nanotubes cnt belong to a large group of hollow fiberlike carbon based nanomaterials with diameters mostly below 100 nm and very high aspect ratios. The amazing mechanical and electronic properties of the nanotubes stem in their quasione. The chapter concludes with a short survey of nearterm applications which take advantage of nanotube electronic properties. Electronic and structural properties of multiwall carbon. A brief overview will be given of the remarkable structural and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, which are tiny structures of molecular dimensions in the form of hollow cylinders with about 20 carbon atoms around the circumference of the cylinders and microns in length.
Scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and tightbinding calculations have been used to elucidate the unique structural and electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts. Extreme oxygen sensitivity of electronic properties of carbon nanotubes philip g. Properties of carbon nanotubes the structure of a carbon nanotube is formed by a layer of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a hexagonal honeycomb mesh. The electronic properties of chiral carbon nanotubes. These systems consist of graphitic layers seamlessly wrapped to cylinders. Carbon can bond in different ways to construct structures with completely different properties. Effects of surface functionalization on the electronic and. Carbon nanotubes cnts, discovered in 1991, have been a subject of intensive research for. Previous stm studies of multiwalled nanotubes6,7,8,9 and singlewalled nanotubes swnts10 have provided indications of differing structures and diameterdependent electronic properties, but have. Atomic structure and electronic properties of single. Pdf optimizing the electronic properties of carbon. Thus, singlewalled carbon nanotubes 10,0 and functional groups oh and cooh were used. Electronic, thermal and mechanical properties of carbon. First, the unique relationship between swnt atomic structure and electronic properties, and the richness of structures observed in both purified and chemically etched nanotube samples are discussed.
Uniaxialstress effects on the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes. Atomic structure and electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes article pdf available in nature 3916662. The special nature of carbon combines with the molecular perfection of singlewall cnts to endow them with exceptional material properties, such as very high electrical and thermal conductivity, strength, stiffness, and toughness. Electrical properties and applications of carbon nanotube structures. Controlling the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes. A few to a few tens of concentric cylinders with the. Knowledge of the electronic properties of nanotubes further permits one to study their response to external probes. The electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes can be altered by surface adsorption of electronic impurities or dopants. They were discovered independently by iijima and ichihashi and bethune et al. Pdf uniaxialstress effects on the electronic properties. Structural changes in carbon nanotubes cnts alter electronic properties of these structures at the atomic scale. Structure and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Pdf electronic properties of carbon nanotubes using.
A singlewall carbon nanotube swnt, on the other hand, is a seamless cylinder of graphene. We focus on the double wall zigzag and armchair nanotubes. Pdf the electronic properties of zigzag n,0 and armchair n,n single wall carbon nanotubes swcnts have been studied using ab. The interest in carbon nanotubes has been greatly stimulated by theoretical predictions that their electronic properties are strongly modulated by small structural variations18. Atomic structure and electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. We present a study on the electronic behavior of films of asprepared and purified singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts and demonstrate the important role that chemical functionalization plays in modifying their electronic properties, which in turn throws further light on the mechanism of action of swntbased sensors. Carbon nanotubes also are stable at high temperatures and have very high thermal conductivities. Electronic properties of strained carbon nanotubes.
This leads to unique electronic and transport properties in graphene and carbon nanotubes, such as the absence of backscattering, which causes metallic carbon nanotubes to. A systematic computational study was conducted to study the influence of surface functionalization concentration on the carbon nanotubes properties. Electrical conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes. Maybe the most significant spinoff product of fullerene research, leading to the discovery of the c 60 buckyball by the 1996 nobel prize laureates robert f. Electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotube. Electronic properties and applications of singlewalled. Carbon nanotubes have highly promising applications in future molecular electronics due to their unique electronic properties.
The electronic spectra of single wall and also double wall carbon nanotubes using tight binding approximation are investigated. International journal of engineering research and general. In this work, structure optimization and electronic property of infinitely long chiral cnts are calculated using the firstprinciples density functional theory. Exposure to air or oxygen dramatically influences the nanotubes electrical resistance, thermoelectric power, and local density of states, as determined by transport measurements and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Some of these applications now are beginning to reach commercial maturity, with carbon nanotubes being used as probe tips for atomic force microscopes and as field. Carbon nanotubes properties and applications cheap tubes. These properties make carbon nanotubes wellsuited for a wide range of applications. The electronic properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes often refer to singlewall carbon nanotubes swcnts with diameters in the range of a nanometer. Singlewall carbon nanotubes exhibit many properties analogous to quantum dots and wires at very low temperatures. Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes using density functional theory. Fundamental electronic properties and applications of single.
Pdf band structure calculations show that carbon nanotubes exist as either metals or semiconductors, depending on diameter and degree of helicity find. Theoretical studies predict that their electronic properties will depend on their diameter and degree of. Cnt are of high technological interest because they can be produced or refined to possess specific properties such as high. The electronic properties of carbon nanotubes uci physics and. Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and applications. These and other phenomena may be exploited in constructing active electronic devices of unprecedentedly small size.
Present day semiconductor devices are rapidly approaching their physical limits, prompting an increasing number of researchers across multiple disciplines to attempt devising innovative ways for decreasing the size and increasing the performance of. Pdf the electronic properties of double wall carbon. Carbon nanotubes cnts have recently emerged as the wonder materials of the new century and are being con sidered for a whole host of applications1 ranging. Smalley, are nanotubes based on carbon or other elements. The unique electronic properties of these carbon nanotubes are that they can be either semiconducting or metallic depending on their geometry. Nitrogen doping mechanism in small diameter singlewalled. The carbon network of the shells is closely related to the honeycomb arrangement of the carbon atoms in the graphite sheets. This oneatom thick layer of carbon is called graphene, and it is wrapped in the shape of a cylinder and bonded together to form a carbon nanotube. There are numerous carbon nanotubes properties and applications which take full advantage of cnts unique properties of aspect ratio, mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivity. Recent scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the intrinsic electronic properties of singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts are overviewed in this account.
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